Mathematical research is to understand phenomena in a quantitative manner and to elucidate central mechanisms of a complex system. Although mathematical research in the field of life science is undeveloped in comparison with physics and chemistry, integration of life science and mathematics is a world trend in recent years. This Research Unit promotes integration of mathematics and neuroscience with a focus on the brain. Through cooperation of researchers from medical, mathematical and engineering sciences of the Research Unit, we aim to make breakthroughs in neuroscience and mathematics through integrated studies of neuroscience, imaging, and mathematical modeling of developmental and functional mechanisms of the brain.